Table. 6.1. Structure of PAHs, their molecular weight, solubility and health risk (Adopted from

Pathak et al. 2022, Hussain et al. 2018)

PAHs

No. of

Rings

Molecular

weight

(g/mol)

Solubility

(mg/L)

Health risk

Structure

Naphthalene

2

128.17

3.93

Liver and kidney failure,

anemia and skin

inflammation

Acenaphthene

3

154.21

1.93

Carcinogenicity, infant

asthma and infection in

liver and kidney

Acenaphthylene

3

152.1

3.93

Animal carcinogenicity

Anthracene

3

178.23

0.076

Diarrhea, nausea, eye

infection and skin

irritation

Phenanthrene

3

178.23

1.2

Carcinogenicity and skin

irritation

Pyrene

4

202.25

0.077

Changes in morphology

of blood cell

Fluorene

3

166.22

1.68–1.98

Eye and skin infection

Fluoranthene

4

202.25

0.2–2.6

Acute animal toxicity

Benzo[a]

anthracene

4

228.3

0.01

Animal carcinogenicity

and skin irritation

Chrysene

4

228.29

0.0028

Carcinogenicity, emesis,

diarrhea, eye and skin

infection, heart problems

Benzo[b]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.0012

Carcinogenicity,

jaundice, liver and

kidney failure

Benz[k]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.00076

Carcinogenicity, liver

and kidney failure

Table. 6.1. Structure of PAHs, their molecular weight, solubility and health risk (Adopted from

Pathak et al. 2022, Hussain et al. 2018)

PAHs

No. of

Rings

Molecular

weight

(g/mol)

Solubility

(mg/L)

Health risk

Structure

Naphthalene

2

128.17

3.93

Liver and kidney failure,

anemia and skin

inflammation

Acenaphthene

3

154.21

1.93

Carcinogenicity, infant

asthma and infection in

liver and kidney

Acenaphthylene

3

152.1

3.93

Animal carcinogenicity

Anthracene

3

178.23

0.076

Diarrhea, nausea, eye

infection and skin

irritation

Phenanthrene

3

178.23

1.2

Carcinogenicity and skin

irritation

Pyrene

4

202.25

0.077

Changes in morphology

of blood cell

Fluorene

3

166.22

1.68–1.98

Eye and skin infection

Fluoranthene

4

202.25

0.2–2.6

Acute animal toxicity

Benzo[a]

anthracene

4

228.3

0.01

Animal carcinogenicity

and skin irritation

Chrysene

4

228.29

0.0028

Carcinogenicity, emesis,

diarrhea, eye and skin

infection, heart problems

Benzo[b]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.0012

Carcinogenicity,

jaundice, liver and

kidney failure

Benz[k]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.00076

Carcinogenicity, liver

and kidney failure

Table. 6.1. Structure of PAHs, their molecular weight, solubility and health risk (Adopted from

Pathak et al. 2022, Hussain et al. 2018)

PAHs

No. of

Rings

Molecular

weight

(g/mol)

Solubility

(mg/L)

Health risk

Structure

Naphthalene

2

128.17

3.93

Liver and kidney failure,

anemia and skin

inflammation

Acenaphthene

3

154.21

1.93

Carcinogenicity, infant

asthma and infection in

liver and kidney

Acenaphthylene

3

152.1

3.93

Animal carcinogenicity

Anthracene

3

178.23

0.076

Diarrhea, nausea, eye

infection and skin

irritation

Phenanthrene

3

178.23

1.2

Carcinogenicity and skin

irritation

Pyrene

4

202.25

0.077

Changes in morphology

of blood cell

Fluorene

3

166.22

1.68–1.98

Eye and skin infection

Fluoranthene

4

202.25

0.2–2.6

Acute animal toxicity

Benzo[a]

anthracene

4

228.3

0.01

Animal carcinogenicity

and skin irritation

Chrysene

4

228.29

0.0028

Carcinogenicity, emesis,

diarrhea, eye and skin

infection, heart problems

Benzo[b]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.0012

Carcinogenicity,

jaundice, liver and

kidney failure

Benz[k]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.00076

Carcinogenicity, liver

and kidney failure

Table. 6.1. Structure of PAHs, their molecular weight, solubility and health risk (Adopted from

Pathak et al. 2022, Hussain et al. 2018)

PAHs

No. of

Rings

Molecular

weight

(g/mol)

Solubility

(mg/L)

Health risk

Structure

Naphthalene

2

128.17

3.93

Liver and kidney failure,

anemia and skin

inflammation

Acenaphthene

3

154.21

1.93

Carcinogenicity, infant

asthma and infection in

liver and kidney

Acenaphthylene

3

152.1

3.93

Animal carcinogenicity

Anthracene

3

178.23

0.076

Diarrhea, nausea, eye

infection and skin

irritation

Phenanthrene

3

178.23

1.2

Carcinogenicity and skin

irritation

Pyrene

4

202.25

0.077

Changes in morphology

of blood cell

Fluorene

3

166.22

1.68–1.98

Eye and skin infection

Fluoranthene

4

202.25

0.2–2.6

Acute animal toxicity

Benzo[a]

anthracene

4

228.3

0.01

Animal carcinogenicity

and skin irritation

Chrysene

4

228.29

0.0028

Carcinogenicity, emesis,

diarrhea, eye and skin

infection, heart problems

Benzo[b]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.0012

Carcinogenicity,

jaundice, liver and

kidney failure

Benz[k]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.00076

Carcinogenicity, liver

and kidney failure

Table. 6.1. Structure of PAHs, their molecular weight, solubility and health risk (Adopted from

Pathak et al. 2022, Hussain et al. 2018)

PAHs

No. of

Rings

Molecular

weight

(g/mol)

Solubility

(mg/L)

Health risk

Structure

Naphthalene

2

128.17

3.93

Liver and kidney failure,

anemia and skin

inflammation

Acenaphthene

3

154.21

1.93

Carcinogenicity, infant

asthma and infection in

liver and kidney

Acenaphthylene

3

152.1

3.93

Animal carcinogenicity

Anthracene

3

178.23

0.076

Diarrhea, nausea, eye

infection and skin

irritation

Phenanthrene

3

178.23

1.2

Carcinogenicity and skin

irritation

Pyrene

4

202.25

0.077

Changes in morphology

of blood cell

Fluorene

3

166.22

1.68–1.98

Eye and skin infection

Fluoranthene

4

202.25

0.2–2.6

Acute animal toxicity

Benzo[a]

anthracene

4

228.3

0.01

Animal carcinogenicity

and skin irritation

Chrysene

4

228.29

0.0028

Carcinogenicity, emesis,

diarrhea, eye and skin

infection, heart problems

Benzo[b]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.0012

Carcinogenicity,

jaundice, liver and

kidney failure

Benz[k]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.00076

Carcinogenicity, liver

and kidney failure

Table. 6.1. Structure of PAHs, their molecular weight, solubility and health risk (Adopted from

Pathak et al. 2022, Hussain et al. 2018)

PAHs

No. of

Rings

Molecular

weight

(g/mol)

Solubility

(mg/L)

Health risk

Structure

Naphthalene

2

128.17

3.93

Liver and kidney failure,

anemia and skin

inflammation

Acenaphthene

3

154.21

1.93

Carcinogenicity, infant

asthma and infection in

liver and kidney

Acenaphthylene

3

152.1

3.93

Animal carcinogenicity

Anthracene

3

178.23

0.076

Diarrhea, nausea, eye

infection and skin

irritation

Phenanthrene

3

178.23

1.2

Carcinogenicity and skin

irritation

Pyrene

4

202.25

0.077

Changes in morphology

of blood cell

Fluorene

3

166.22

1.68–1.98

Eye and skin infection

Fluoranthene

4

202.25

0.2–2.6

Acute animal toxicity

Benzo[a]

anthracene

4

228.3

0.01

Animal carcinogenicity

and skin irritation

Chrysene

4

228.29

0.0028

Carcinogenicity, emesis,

diarrhea, eye and skin

infection, heart problems

Benzo[b]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.0012

Carcinogenicity,

jaundice, liver and

kidney failure

Benz[k]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.00076

Carcinogenicity, liver

and kidney failure

Table. 6.1. Structure of PAHs, their molecular weight, solubility and health risk (Adopted from

Pathak et al. 2022, Hussain et al. 2018)

PAHs

No. of

Rings

Molecular

weight

(g/mol)

Solubility

(mg/L)

Health risk

Structure

Naphthalene

2

128.17

3.93

Liver and kidney failure,

anemia and skin

inflammation

Acenaphthene

3

154.21

1.93

Carcinogenicity, infant

asthma and infection in

liver and kidney

Acenaphthylene

3

152.1

3.93

Animal carcinogenicity

Anthracene

3

178.23

0.076

Diarrhea, nausea, eye

infection and skin

irritation

Phenanthrene

3

178.23

1.2

Carcinogenicity and skin

irritation

Pyrene

4

202.25

0.077

Changes in morphology

of blood cell

Fluorene

3

166.22

1.68–1.98

Eye and skin infection

Fluoranthene

4

202.25

0.2–2.6

Acute animal toxicity

Benzo[a]

anthracene

4

228.3

0.01

Animal carcinogenicity

and skin irritation

Chrysene

4

228.29

0.0028

Carcinogenicity, emesis,

diarrhea, eye and skin

infection, heart problems

Benzo[b]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.0012

Carcinogenicity,

jaundice, liver and

kidney failure

Benz[k]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.00076

Carcinogenicity, liver

and kidney failure

Table. 6.1. Structure of PAHs, their molecular weight, solubility and health risk (Adopted from

Pathak et al. 2022, Hussain et al. 2018)

PAHs

No. of

Rings

Molecular

weight

(g/mol)

Solubility

(mg/L)

Health risk

Structure

Naphthalene

2

128.17

3.93

Liver and kidney failure,

anemia and skin

inflammation

Acenaphthene

3

154.21

1.93

Carcinogenicity, infant

asthma and infection in

liver and kidney

Acenaphthylene

3

152.1

3.93

Animal carcinogenicity

Anthracene

3

178.23

0.076

Diarrhea, nausea, eye

infection and skin

irritation

Phenanthrene

3

178.23

1.2

Carcinogenicity and skin

irritation

Pyrene

4

202.25

0.077

Changes in morphology

of blood cell

Fluorene

3

166.22

1.68–1.98

Eye and skin infection

Fluoranthene

4

202.25

0.2–2.6

Acute animal toxicity

Benzo[a]

anthracene

4

228.3

0.01

Animal carcinogenicity

and skin irritation

Chrysene

4

228.29

0.0028

Carcinogenicity, emesis,

diarrhea, eye and skin

infection, heart problems

Benzo[b]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.0012

Carcinogenicity,

jaundice, liver and

kidney failure

Benz[k]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.00076

Carcinogenicity, liver

and kidney failure

Table. 6.1. Structure of PAHs, their molecular weight, solubility and health risk (Adopted from

Pathak et al. 2022, Hussain et al. 2018)

PAHs

No. of

Rings

Molecular

weight

(g/mol)

Solubility

(mg/L)

Health risk

Structure

Naphthalene

2

128.17

3.93

Liver and kidney failure,

anemia and skin

inflammation

Acenaphthene

3

154.21

1.93

Carcinogenicity, infant

asthma and infection in

liver and kidney

Acenaphthylene

3

152.1

3.93

Animal carcinogenicity

Anthracene

3

178.23

0.076

Diarrhea, nausea, eye

infection and skin

irritation

Phenanthrene

3

178.23

1.2

Carcinogenicity and skin

irritation

Pyrene

4

202.25

0.077

Changes in morphology

of blood cell

Fluorene

3

166.22

1.68–1.98

Eye and skin infection

Fluoranthene

4

202.25

0.2–2.6

Acute animal toxicity

Benzo[a]

anthracene

4

228.3

0.01

Animal carcinogenicity

and skin irritation

Chrysene

4

228.29

0.0028

Carcinogenicity, emesis,

diarrhea, eye and skin

infection, heart problems

Benzo[b]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.0012

Carcinogenicity,

jaundice, liver and

kidney failure

Benz[k]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.00076

Carcinogenicity, liver

and kidney failure

Table. 6.1. Structure of PAHs, their molecular weight, solubility and health risk (Adopted from

Pathak et al. 2022, Hussain et al. 2018)

PAHs

No. of

Rings

Molecular

weight

(g/mol)

Solubility

(mg/L)

Health risk

Structure

Naphthalene

2

128.17

3.93

Liver and kidney failure,

anemia and skin

inflammation

Acenaphthene

3

154.21

1.93

Carcinogenicity, infant

asthma and infection in

liver and kidney

Acenaphthylene

3

152.1

3.93

Animal carcinogenicity

Anthracene

3

178.23

0.076

Diarrhea, nausea, eye

infection and skin

irritation

Phenanthrene

3

178.23

1.2

Carcinogenicity and skin

irritation

Pyrene

4

202.25

0.077

Changes in morphology

of blood cell

Fluorene

3

166.22

1.68–1.98

Eye and skin infection

Fluoranthene

4

202.25

0.2–2.6

Acute animal toxicity

Benzo[a]

anthracene

4

228.3

0.01

Animal carcinogenicity

and skin irritation

Chrysene

4

228.29

0.0028

Carcinogenicity, emesis,

diarrhea, eye and skin

infection, heart problems

Benzo[b]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.0012

Carcinogenicity,

jaundice, liver and

kidney failure

Benz[k]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.00076

Carcinogenicity, liver

and kidney failure

able. 6.1. Structure of PAHs, their molecular weight, solubility and health risk (Adopted from

Pathak et al. 2022, Hussain et al. 2018)

PAHs

No. of

Rings

Molecular

weight

(g/mol)

Solubility

(mg/L)

Health risk

Structure

Naphthalene

2

128.17

3.93

Liver and kidney failure,

anemia and skin

inflammation

Acenaphthene

3

154.21

1.93

Carcinogenicity, infant

asthma and infection in

liver and kidney

Acenaphthylene

3

152.1

3.93

Animal carcinogenicity

Anthracene

3

178.23

0.076

Diarrhea, nausea, eye

infection and skin

irritation

Phenanthrene

3

178.23

1.2

Carcinogenicity and skin

irritation

Pyrene

4

202.25

0.077

Changes in morphology

of blood cell

Fluorene

3

166.22

1.68–1.98

Eye and skin infection

Fluoranthene

4

202.25

0.2–2.6

Acute animal toxicity

Benzo[a]

anthracene

4

228.3

0.01

Animal carcinogenicity

and skin irritation

Chrysene

4

228.29

0.0028

Carcinogenicity, emesis,

diarrhea, eye and skin

infection, heart problems

Benzo[b]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.0012

Carcinogenicity,

jaundice, liver and

kidney failure

Benz[k]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.00076

Carcinogenicity, liver

and kidney failure

Table. 6.1. Structure of PAHs, their molecular weight, solubility and health risk (Adopted from

Pathak et al. 2022, Hussain et al. 2018)

PAHs

No. of

Rings

Molecular

weight

(g/mol)

Solubility

(mg/L)

Health risk

Structure

Naphthalene

2

128.17

3.93

Liver and kidney failure,

anemia and skin

inflammation

Acenaphthene

3

154.21

1.93

Carcinogenicity, infant

asthma and infection in

liver and kidney

Acenaphthylene

3

152.1

3.93

Animal carcinogenicity

Anthracene

3

178.23

0.076

Diarrhea, nausea, eye

infection and skin

irritation

Phenanthrene

3

178.23

1.2

Carcinogenicity and skin

irritation

Pyrene

4

202.25

0.077

Changes in morphology

of blood cell

Fluorene

3

166.22

1.68–1.98

Eye and skin infection

Fluoranthene

4

202.25

0.2–2.6

Acute animal toxicity

Benzo[a]

anthracene

4

228.3

0.01

Animal carcinogenicity

and skin irritation

Chrysene

4

228.29

0.0028

Carcinogenicity, emesis,

diarrhea, eye and skin

infection, heart problems

Benzo[b]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.0012

Carcinogenicity,

jaundice, liver and

kidney failure

Benz[k]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.00076

Carcinogenicity, liver

and kidney failure

a]pyrene

5

252.3

0.0023

Animal carcinogenicity

and eye infection

a,h]

ene

5

278.4

0.0005

Carcinogenicity and

toxicity to aquatic life

ghi]peryl

6

276 3

0 00026

Toxicity to aquatic life,

lung and skin

90

Bioremediation for Sustainable Environmental Cleanup

Table 6.1. Structure of PAHs, their molecular weight, solubility and health risk (Adopted from Pathak et al. 2022, Hussain

et al. 2018).

PAHs

No. of

Rings

Molecular

weight (g/mol)

Solubility

(mg/L)

Health risk

Structure

Naphthalene

2

128.17

3.93

Liver and kidney

failure, anemia and skin

inflammation

Acenaphthene

3

154.21

1.93

Carcinogenicity, infant

asthma and infection in liver

and kidney

Acenaphthylene

3

152.1

3.93

Animal carcinogenicity

Anthracene

3

178.23

0.076

Diarrhea, nausea, eye

infection and skin irritation

Phenanthrene

3

178.23

1.2

Carcinogenicity and skin

irritation

Pyrene

4

202.25

0.077

Changes in morphology of

blood cell

Fluorene

3

166.22

1.68–1.98

Eye and skin infection

Fluoranthene

4

202.25

0.2–2.6

Acute animal toxicity

Benzo[a]

anthracene

4

228.3

0.01

Animal carcinogenicity and

skin irritation

Chrysene

4

228.29

0.0028

Carcinogenicity, emesis,

diarrhea, eye and skin

infection, heart problems

Benzo[b]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.0012

Carcinogenicity, jaundice,

liver and kidney failure

Benz[k]

fluoranthene

5

252.3

0.00076

Carcinogenicity, liver and

kidney failure

Benzo[a]pyrene

5

252.3

0.0023

Animal carcinogenicity and

eye infection

Table 6.1 contd. ...